Eventually two other post office boxes were used, 1, also in Santa Fe. Its only mailing address was a post office box, number 1663, in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Oppenheimer became the laboratory's first director.ĭuring the Manhattan Project, Los Alamos hosted thousands of employees, including many Nobel Prize-winning scientists. Dudley had rejected the school as not meeting Groves' criteria, but as soon as Groves saw it he said in effect "This is the place". Robert Oppenheimer had spent much time in his youth in the New Mexico area, and suggested the Los Alamos Ranch School on the mesa. Jemez Springs was only a short distance from the current site. Major John Dudley suggested Oak City, Utah, or Jemez Springs, New Mexico, but both were rejected. It should be at least 200 miles from international boundaries and west of the Mississippi. General Leslie Groves wanted a central laboratory at an isolated location for safety, and to keep the scientists away from the populace. In September 1942, the difficulties encountered in conducting preliminary studies on nuclear weapons at universities scattered across the country indicated the need for a laboratory dedicated solely to that purpose. The laboratory was founded during World War II as a secret, centralized facility to coordinate the scientific research of the Manhattan Project, the Allied project to develop the first nuclear weapons. While owned by the federal government, LANL is privately managed and operated by Triad National Security, LLC. Today, Los Alamos conducts multidisciplinary research in fields such as national security, space exploration, nuclear fusion, renewable energy, medicine, nanotechnology, and supercomputing. The two labs competed on a wide variety of bomb designs, but with the end of the Cold War, have focused increasingly on civilian missions.
In 1952, the Atomic Energy Commission formed a second design lab under the direction of the University of California, Berkeley, which became the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The town of Los Alamos, directly north of the lab, grew extensively through this period.Īfter the war ended in 1945, Project Y's existence was made public, and it became known universally as Los Alamos. Chosen for its remote yet relatively accessible location, it served as the main hub for conducting and coordinating nuclear research, bringing together some of the world's most famous scientists, among them numerous Nobel Prize winners.
Los Alamos was established in 1943 as Project Y, a top-secret site for designing nuclear weapons under the Manhattan Project during World War II. Best known for its central role in helping develop the first atomic bomb, LANL is one of the world's largest and most advanced scientific institutions. Los Alamos National Laboratory (often shortened as Los Alamos and LANL) is one of the sixteen research and development laboratories of the United States Department of Energy (DOE), located a short distance northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico, in the American southwest.
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